Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society
Year 2019, Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 5-16
https://doi.org/10.26715/jbms.31_06032019Kasim O. Ardati1,*, Soni R. Murdeshwar2, Saramma T. Chacko3, Abhijeet Jagtap4, Sunitha Jacob4
1Consultant Pediatrician/Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Manama–10588, Kingdom of Bahrain.
2Microbiology Supervisor, Laboratory, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Manama–10588, Kingdom of Bahrain.
3Microbiology Technician, Laboratory, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Manama–10588, Kingdom of Bahrain.
4Specialist Pathologist, Laboratory, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Manama–10588, Kingdom of Bahrain
*Corresponding author:
Kasim O. Ardati, Consultant Pediatrician/Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Manama–10588, Kingdom of Bahrain, Tel.: (973) 17812000, Email: Kasim@bsh.com.bh
Received date: March 06, 2019; Accepted date: May 16, 2019; Published date: June 30, 2019
Abstract
Background: Breach of human cell integrity triggers the development of infection by pathogenic bacteria. Although, antibiotics are competent in containment of bacteria, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has led to aggravated diseases and mortality rate, significantly. Hence, current study considered evaluating the frequently encountered bacterial species isolated from the clinical samples, and to examine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Methods: Current retrospective study was conducted during January–December 2017, in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 1931 isolates were included for microbiological analysis. Organisms isolated from the same site with similar sensitivity patterns for one month were excluded. Clinical samples were cultured on appropriate nutrient medium and characterized by microbiological techniques as well as automated system—Vitex analyzer. Antimicrobial susceptibility of few isolates was evaluated by Kirby-Bauer procedure and the rest by Vitex analyzer. Data were analyzed using R-3.4.1.
Results: Majority of the clinical samples were urine (29.7 %) and wound swabs (10.5 %). Escherichia coli (31.3 %) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.4 %) were predominant among the Gram-negative isolates, whereas, Staphylococcus aureus (70.6 %) was prevalent among the Gram-positive isolates. Higher resistance pattern was observed towards β–lactams and cephalosporins, and greater susceptibility pattern was observed towards carbapenems. Bahraini patients showed higher predominance of extendedspectrum β–lactamase producers.
Conclusion: Urine and wound samples were the prominent sources and S. aureus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae were the predominant organisms. Isolates were highly resistant to β–lactams as well as cephalosporins and were susceptible to carbapenems. Sensible utilization of antibiotics and reporting the susceptibility and resistance pattern of common organisms, periodically, assist in controlling antimicrobial resistance.
Keywords: Antibacterial; β–lactams; Carbapenems; Infection; Pathogens; Resistance.