Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society
Year 2022, Volume 34, Issue 1, Pages 9-19
https://doi.org/10.26715/JBMS.34_2022_1_2Jameela Al Salman1*, Adel Salman Alsayyad2, Wafa Fawzi Hasan3, Amani Al Arrayedh4, Mohamed Hameed Alrahim5, Eman Sadeq Mahdi6
1Medical Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Capital, Bahrain
2Department of Family and Community Medicine, Ministry of Health / College of Medicine & Medical Science Arabian Gulf University /Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Capital, Bahrain
3Statistician, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Capital, Bahrain.
4Medical, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Capital, Bahrain.
5Medical Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Capital, Bahrain.
6Department of Family Medicine, Privet Hospital / Zhejiang University/ Private Clinic, Manama, Capital,Bahrain.
*Corresponding author:
Dr. Jameela Al Salman, MD, Medical Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Capital, Bahrain. E-mail: JSalman@health.gov.bh Tel: (+973)-36515138.
Received date: September 15, 2021; Accepted date: December 26, 2021; Published date: March 31, 2022
Abstract
Objective: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging infectious disease that has become a global pandemic. This study aimed to identify the risk factors at presentation to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admissions.
Materials & Methods: This retrospective observational study recruited 188 confirmed laboratory COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Jidhafs Maternity Hospital (JMH) from 1st June to 5th July 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to Explore risk factors associated with the increased risk of ICU admission.
Results: The study revealed that older age (>60 years old) (16[38.1%], P=0.044), male gender (30 [40.0%], P=0.000) were significantly associated with the increased risk of ICU admissions. The most prevalent symptoms in admission were myalgia (13[40.6%], P=0.035), fever (39[34.2%], P=0.002) and cough (37[31.4%], P=0.032). In addition, raised serum level of alanine amino-transferase (ALAT) (34.7% vs. 20.7%, P=0.033), D-dimers (30.7% vs 12.2%, P=0.012), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (31.6% vs 0.0%, P=0.025) and ferritin (37.7% vs 16.7%, P=0.011) found to be important predictor of ICU admission.
Conclusion: The finding indicates that older age, male gender, with increased alanine transferase (ALT), increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high D-dimer and high ferritin was associated with an increased risk of ICU admissions. Identification of such factors will help to detect people who are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 disease and will help physicians to determine if patients need regular health care or ICU admission.
Keywords: COVID-19, Emerging communicable diseases, Intensive care units, Physicians, Risk factors
Tables and Figures can be referred to in the PDF.